Symptoms Of Disorder, By John Warns - 1988 Words

One of the most obvious, yet in the nineteenth century completely unrecognised and undiagnosed, reasons behind symptoms of supposed insanity would be post-natal depression. Gilmans narrator suffers from just this as she exclaims: ‘Such a dear baby! And yet I CANNOT be with him, it makes me so nervous’, conveying a certain disconnection with her son. The narrator feels her husband fails to understand her perspective: she is the complete opposite of her ‘public sphere’ husband who ‘is practical in the extreme†¦ and he scoffs openly at any talk of things not to be felt and seen and put down in figures’. She yearns for a life which she believes this domestic role has stolen from her: Gilman’s narrator longs to write but John warns ‘that with†¦show more content†¦The intersection of confinement and gender is shown in the passage where the narrator says â€Å"and she is all the time trying to crawl through. But nobody coul d climb through that pattern – it strangles so; I think that is why it has so many heads.†, the narrator sometimes sees many, many women imprisoned by the pattern. The pattern she sees on the wallpaper is a microcosm of society in which she, along with all women, is supressed of any desires other than those seen as etiquette. The narrator comes to an epic epiphany in TYW as she becomes empowered by confidence and self-belief, which she desperately lacks throughout the story. When she says â€Å"I’ve got out at last†, it is arguable that this sudden confidence was sprouted from her challenge with her self-identity, leading her to mental degradation. The mental degradation is ambiguous however; it could be argued that this is only a stage of imaginative and possibly even physical freedom that the character is experiencing. Without this effect of insanity the change in status between John and the narrator would not have been possible because she would remain as subdued as she ever was. There is a similar revelation in ADH with Nora seemingly breaking away from Torvald’s restraints however, this time with a lack of mental illness. Nora’s realisation involves more of a conscious decision in the sense that her mind was not obscured by any mental illness; she finallyShow MoreRelatedOr phan Movie Rieview623 Words   |  3 Pagestheir baby and adopts a 9-year-old girl who is not nearly as innocent as she claims to be. Esther (adopt girl) have Borderline personality disorder she have long-term patterns of unstable and turbulent emotions. These inner experiences often result in impulsive actions and chaotic relationships with other people (new family) .Symptoms of borderline personality disorder are: Intense fear of being abandoned, Cannot tolerate being alone, Frequent feelings of boredom, inappropriate anger , impulsiveness,Read MoreFilm Analysis : A Beautiful Mind1564 Words   |  7 PagesA Beautiful Mind (Grazer, Howard, Howard, 2001) is a film about the life of John Nash Jr. John Nash was a mathematician studying at Princeton University on a Carnegie Scholarship in 1947. The film portrays Nash’s academic journey, career, and personal life. As an adult, John Nash was diagnosed with schizophrenia. Schizophrenia is classified as an emotional or behavioral low-incidence disorder disorder (Smith Tyler, 2010, p. 234). According to Smith and Tyler, about 1% of the general populationRead MoreEssay on Botulinum Toxin and Botx Injections for Cosmetic Purposes1658 Words   |  7 Pages Josko articulates that unless proper care is initially administered, the deterioration of the respiratory system can potentially lead to death. When ingested, botulinum toxin works its’ way through the body and causes many difficulties. The Johns Hopkins working group on civilian biodefense has stated that this neurotoxin functions by affecting the central nervous system. When someone has contracted the botulism disease, it is necessary for them to use mechanical ventilation in order to breatheRead MoreOtsukas Abilify Mycite Research Paper816 Words   |  4 Pagesingested, Gizmodo reported. It is an atypical antipsychotic drug, the first medication to be approved with the system. The FDA said the drug was approved for treatment of schizophrenia, acute treatment of manic and mixed episodes linked with bipolar I disorder, and as an add-on treatment for depression in adults. Internal sensor to wearable patch The pill works by sending data from an internal sensor to a wearable patch. The information is then forwarded to a smartphone app or to caregivers and the doctorRead More Parents Roles in Development of Eating Disorders: How Important is the Father?1561 Words   |  7 PagesParents Roles in Development of Eating Disorders Introduction Much of the literature that focuses on the parents role in the development of eating disorders is focused on the mother and the mother-daughter relationship. Studies have shown conclusively that a mothers body image and eating habits are, mirrored in her daughter, and that if she is obsessed with her own body image, it stands likely that her daughter will be the same way both growing up and in her adult life. The father, thoughRead MoreDear John1877 Words   |  8 PagesYour Dad Loves You, I Can Tell, Even If You Can’t Jael Zimmerman Westmoreland County Community College Abstract Dear John by Nicholas Sparks uses two main characters, John’s father and Tim’s brother Alan, to express the symptoms and complications of the psychological disorder Asperger Syndrome. This disorder is considered a form of autism. People with this disorder will be passionate about one or more topics, but will struggle with daily tasks. The novel provides an extended metaphor through John’sRead MoreEssay on The Efficacy of Lithium in Treating Bipolar Disorder2065 Words   |  9 PagesThe Efficacy of Lithium in Treating Bipolar Disorder Lithium is a psychotropic drug that became available in 1970 as a mood stabilizing medication for the long-term treatment of bipolar disorder. It has been shown to reduce the frequency and severity of manic states, as well as the depression that is concomitant with bipolar disorder. Much research has been done in the short duration of lithiums employment to evaluate its efficacy and side effects. As stated above, Lithium stabilizesRead MoreA Brilliant Madness about John Forbes Nash Essay1458 Words   |  6 Pagessimple†¦I think mental illness or madness can be an escape also† (qtd. in â€Å"John Forbes Nash†). To many â€Å"normal† people, the terms â€Å"insanity† or â€Å"madness† portray a negative connotation-- the unfortunate ones â€Å"suffer† from mental illness. However, brilliant mathematician and Nobel laureate John Forbes Nash, who has paranoid schizophrenia, cherishes his unique condition as a means of retreat from the brutalities of reality (â€Å"John Forbes Nash†). Since ancient times, people have observed the link betweenRead More Ethical Analysis of A Beautiful Mind Essay1595 Words   |  7 Pagesof â€Å"A Beautiful Mind† â€Å"A Beautiful mind† is a story based on the life of John Forbes Nash, who is a famous mathematician. Unfortunately, he is suffering from paranoid schizophrenia that majorly affects his personal and social life. Schizophrenia is a psychological disorder in which the patient’s ability to function is impaired by severely distorted beliefs, perceptions, and thought processes (Hockenbury, 2010). John Nash, the main character, faces many challenges in his professional life asRead MoreReferral Reasons By John Doe1597 Words   |  7 Pages Referral Reasons John Doe is a 28 year old Caucasian male. Mr. Doe carries a primary diagnosis of moderate intellectual impairment, along with the secondary diagnoses of autism and mild schizoaffective disorder. He was receiving residential services through Parsons State Hospital and Training Center until 2013, when his guardian expressed concern that the rights of Mr. Doe were being unreasonably restricted. To ease his concern about the rigorous restriction of Mr. Doe’s rights, the guardian began

Wilfred Owen Glorification Of War Essay - 1375 Words

Indeed, these descriptions of war were downright ghastly, to say the least. Apparently, soldiers in Owen’s poem had unrealistic perceptions when they initially joined the British Army. Most likely they were gullible and joyfully sang to the popular WWI era musical tune â€Å"Over There† (Duffy), which glorified war. Yet, once in the thick of battle young soldiers must have realized â€Å"†¦the Lie†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (27) and the crassness of mass war propaganda that fooled them into believing that war was good. Many of the WWI propaganda posters showed British soldiers tall, happy, and ready to fight (Keitch). Yet, it was Owen’s intention to question the honesty of war propaganda messages based on his wartime experiences. He took it upon himself to†¦show more content†¦Owen goes on to write that, â€Å"Men marched asleep... Many had lost their boots† (5). This line further described sleep-deprived barefooted soldiers in which war propa ganda advertisements eluded to mention. A second detrimental consequence of promoting mass war propaganda misinformation is conditions of employment. At times, soldiers in combat must report for work, sleep-deprived and with or without their equipment. These situations present a health hazard, which weakens the immune system to diseases and causes unnecessary injuries (Murray 287). Physical exhaustion also impairs soldiers from making sound life and death decisions. If military propaganda literature referenced the harsh working environment, the number of soldiers leaving military service would greatly surpass new recruits. Accordingly, this would eventually form a smaller inexperienced army unable to defend against ruthless foes. Owen continues with the lines, â€Å"But limped on, blood-shod. All went lame; all blind; / Drunk with fatigue; deaf even to the hoots / Of tired, outstripped Five-Nines that dropped behind† (6-8). The word â€Å"shod† (6) means â€Å"wearing footgear.† During WWI, the soles of combat boots were reinforced with hobnails to increase their traction on the boggy wet ground. Soldiers’ boots would literally get stuck in knee-deep water soaked dirt causing them to remain buried as soldiers continued walkingShow MoreRelatedWilfred Owen Essay836 Words   |  4 PagesEnglish Essay Wilfred Owen, through his poems, shows the harsh reality of human conflict and contrasts the portrayal of these conflicts with the reality. Owen purpose is to challenges our thoughts and perspectives on war to show its true effects and stop the glorification that it receives in society. This can be seen in his poem Dulce et Decorum Est as he causing us to question whether it really is sweet and decorous to die for ones country by showing the reality of war through his personal experiencesRead MoreIs Vitai Lampada Similar to Dulce Et Decorum Est1634 Words   |  7 PagesIn the essay I am going to compare and contrast the way in which different attitudes to war are presented in the poems ‘Dulce et Decorum est’. And ‘Vitai Lampada’. Both poem are a bout war but they are wrote in completely different ways. Firstly, Wilfred Owen wrote a poem named Dulce et Decorum. Wilfred Owen was born in 1893 in Owestry, Shropshire and he died in 1918. Dul ce et Decorum was written in 1917. Wilfred Owen enlisted for the war in 1915 and trained in England untilRead MoreWilfred Owens War Poetry1219 Words   |  5 Pageswith corpses – these were the circumstances in which some 8,700,000 lives had been lost during the First World War. However, this reality was long kept from the knowledge of the civilians at home, who continued to write about the noble pursuit of heroic ideals in old patriotic slogans (Anthology 2012: 2017). Those poets who were involved on the front soon realized the full horror of war, which is reflected in their poetic techniques, diction, and imaginations. Campbell (1999: 204) refers to theirRead MoreWwi Essay : World Literature1663 Words   |  7 PagesLiterature Period 4 12 February 2017 WWI Synthesis Essay â€Å"Love is like war...easy to start, difficult to end, and impossible to forget† (Unknown). With a half century of peace among nations, people were deemed unfit to comprehend the devastating reality behind war. With recent campaigns being brief and victorious, individuals believed this war would be nothing short of the same. Hence, the buzz surrounding the beginning of the war was undeniable, from the young recruits overjoyed, to theRead MoreDulce Et Decorum Est And The Horrors Of War Poem Analysis1425 Words   |  6 Pagesbe taken seriously in light of war poetry. Although the soldiers in World War I did not literally fight with swords, their experiences in combat were beyond appalling, and some might say, beyond describable by words. Poetry, however, is a very powerful form of expression, and when written by someone who has experienced the horrors of war, it can deeply convey the grim reality of war. Utilising personal experiences and pre-war ideology, World War I poets Wilfred Owens and Rupert Brookes’ were ableRead MoreEssay on A Comparison of World War I Poetry2088 Words   |  9 Pagesmurder called war. Hence, this type of self-reflection calle d poetry has help create new fundamental ideas and values towards our society. In this essay, I will discuss the issue of the War Poetry during the Great War along with comparing and contrasting two talented renowned poets; Wilfred Owen (1893-1918) and Siegfried Sassoon (1886-1967). We tend to focus on the definition of War Poetry as poems that concentrated on the subject of war, which are written during a war that seems toRead MoreThe History of The Old Lie and Poetry of Wilfred Owen2490 Words   |  10 Pagesof The Old Lie and Poetry of Wilfred Owen Dulce et Decorum Est Pro Patria Mori is a Latin saying that was expressed by the roman poet Horace. It means It is sweet and fitting to die for your country. When Owen wrote his poetry based on his experience of the Great War he did not agree with this saying; he wrote poetry that was full of horror yet told the truth. Therefore he called this saying the old lie. Owen called it this because war was no longer skilful like

The Social Effects of Industrialization Free Essays

The Industrial revolution began during the 1700s in Great Britain. This was mainly due to the large textile production during this time. The grow in textile production was because of the increase in the demand in the wool and cotton industries. We will write a custom essay sample on The Social Effects of Industrialization or any similar topic only for you Order Now New machines were made to help control these demands. But, because the new machines couldn’t fit within the homes of the people like previous times this led to the beginning of Textile mills. But as these mills became more involved and advanced the lives of the workers became harder and much less safe in the working environment. Great Britain was the ideal situation to begin the Industrial Revolution because it received raw materials from the colonies, commerce was encouraged because of political stability, and their shipping was defended and protected by the world’s most powerful navy. Due to all of this, the government supported business, agriculture, and other factors the contributed to production. Plus, during this time in history there was a substantial increase in the population of Europe as well. The first factories were powered by water mills but eventually these were replaced with steam engines that were improved by James Watt in 1763. After this improvement there were other inventions that were made as well. The cotton gin, invented by Eli Whitney, removed the seeds from the cotton. The spinning jenny, invented by James Hargreaves, allowed weavers to spin the threads more quickly. Lastly, the Flying Shuttle, invented by John Kay, allowed the weavers to push thread back and forth on the six foot wide loom much faster than was previously possible. After the start of factories began, life in society changed immensely. Farmers started leaving to work for more profitable jobs in the factories and most of the time, owners would provide housing but the families were usually overcrowded in the small living areas. Pollution was crazy because there weren’t any environmental standards like there are today. Most of the factories had very few toilets and trash was left on the streets. Over time, factory jobs became known as â€Å"woman’s work†. The reason being because most factories hired women and children over men because they could pay them less for the same amount, or more, work. Children were small, so they were used to make repairs and adjustments to the machine parts as well as crawl through small tunnels to get more coal. But working conditions were poor and hazardous to the people. Many were injured or killed because of unsafe working conditions. Finally unions were made to try and help better the work environment for the employees. One of the men who helped make a huge difference during this time was Lewis Hine. Lewis Hine took pictures of the work conditions and the workers themselves to provide evidence for cases to help create laws to make things better. After a short time, with the help of Hine’s photographs they were successful in betting the working environment for the people and those laws actually still influence the work environment to this very day. So the Industrial Revolution effected many people and created many inventions for many things that help to make the base of what led to many of today’s inventions but it also led to many new laws that help to influence their time as well as still influences our time to help keep people safe. How to cite The Social Effects of Industrialization, Essay examples

Paypal Case Study free essay sample

What is the value proposition that Paypal offers consumers? How about merchants? PayPal, the trusted leader in online payments, enables buyers and businesses to send and receive money online. PayPal has over 100 million member accounts in 190 countries and regions. Its accepted by merchants everywhere, both on and off eBay. It provides a way for both sellers and purchasers to shortcut the time consuming process of processing payments; mailing cheques, money orders, waiting for cheques to clear. Paypal allows merchants to avoid the difficulty and expenses of setting up the capability of using credit cards to process payments and other forms of payments. Paypal allows both merchants and consumers to use their email addresses to pay for items. Paypal also provides a lower interest payment for its use than that charged by credit cards. 2. What are some of the risks of using Paypal when compared to credit cards and debit cards? As Paypal stores all your credit card details under your email address there is some risk factors as the security of the Paypal account. We will write a custom essay sample on Paypal Case Study or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It is much easier to hack an email address than to hack a network securing your credit card details. In saying this there is minimal security surrounding your Paypal in terms of a single password could allow a person to access all your details for your credit card. In saying this credit cards have a much better data security system and money protection. Another risk with Paypal is that once funds are withdrawn, they cannot be recovered, whilst credit cards can. There is also the threat of credit card fraud as there is not real checking process of the credit card on Paypal as it is used to just help the exchanging of funds, rather than a company securing funds, which is done by credit cards. Another issue that must be noted is the unreliable consumer data. That is Paypal does not require any identification of the seller so it can provide difficult in finding the user in terms of retrieving data. 3. Are P2P payments system developed by Apple or Google for the use on their mobile devices a threat to Paypal? Can Paypal develop its own app for the iPhone? Yes both Apple and Google pose as a threat as they are both major players in todays markets. As both companies are looking to develop a P2P system outside of their own operations (itunes), this could result in a significant loss in the market for Paypal. Google has sought to move into the market with its Google Checkout, and is working to create a system for its mobile android platform. Apple is also looking to extend its platform out into a third party vendor, looking to sell digital goods on the internet. Yes Paypal can seek to develop its own application for the iPhone, as to create a similar system to that of the banks in order to provide money exchange. Although it would require to be linked with tellers. In saying this it would be beneficial for Paypal to create cards to allow access to these funds through terminals in shops, whilst the application can allow them to monitor and control their funds. 4. What strategies would you recommend that Paypal pursue in order to maintain its growth over the next 5 years? In order for Paypal to maintain their growth strategy over the next 5 years it would be recommended that Paypal: Seek to provide a card to users so that they can access their funds outside of the internet; to use in store Seek to establish their precence in the e-commerce, bay teaming up with major sellers i. e. Amazon Look to diversify into other markets involving money transfers; create banking accounts where Paypal can lend out money to its customers at a charge Increase their security for credit card access; not just a password to access details

Free Online Plagiarism Checker For Students

Our free online plagiarism checker with percentage helps students, teachers and professional writers check for copied content. Plagiarism is a serious offense and is not tolerated in any sphere. Whether youre writing web content or academic work, originality is a crucial aspect. Our plagiarism checker offers more than just checking the uniqueness of your document. It will also check for grammar, text citations, sentence structure, and style read more in the Why You Should Consider Using Our Plagiarism Checker section. There are mainly two types of plagiarism detection tools standalone software and web applications. They are both readily available on the market. We provide an online plagiarism checker in free and premium versions. Although numerous websites are offering a plagiarism detection tool, it is best to identify the one that will work for you. Read more on our free plagiarism checker to discover why it is the best. We provide the best for our clients. Plagiarism and Plagiarism Checker Before we tell you more on the best free plagiarism checker, here is a little bit about plagiarism and a plagiarism checker. It is necessary to acknowledge the fact that not all plagiarism is intentional. Though, we have individuals who will outright take other peoples work and claim to be their own. In the academic sphere, the following are regarded as plagiarism: Submitting work that you did not do yourself Today, it is not uncommon to have somebody do your assignment. Lifting paragraphs from assignments previously done Well, it is your material, but attribution is still required. Using quote marks without any attribution. Copying someone elses ideas, opinions or work without mentioning them or making any citations. Considering that every day hundreds of thousands of documents are uploaded online, it is not surprising that unintentional plagiarism occurs. 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over population1 essays

over population1 essays There are several problems that affect the world today: war, crime, pollution, and several others. Overpopulation is a serious dilemma that is growing every year, every minute, and every second. It is the root of most, if not all, of the worlds problems1. It is the greatest global crisis facing humanity in the twenty- first century. Overpopulation is the major global problem because of several reasons. Most of the problems we have today, such as ocean depletion, food shortages, water shortages, air pollution, water pollution, and global warming are the effects of overpopulation2. The more people there are, the more resources consumed and the more waste created. A child born today in the United States for instance will produce fifty-two tons of garbage and consume 11 million gallons of water by the age of seventy-five3. Freshwater, drinkable water, is the most critical natural resource to humans. As time goes by, the worlds population expands more rapidly, but there is no more freshwater on the Earth than there was two thousand years ago, when the population was three percent of its current size4. Overpopulation has also increased industrial development, which contributes to massive urbanization and rising of living standards5. The increase in industry shrinks the amount of freshwater available because t hey are constantly being polluted. The rising in living standards causes people to consume more which creates more waste and raises life expectancy, which causes more people to live at the same time6. Another problem that arises from overpopulation is the changing of the climate. Mankind is increasing the greenhouse gas levels by burning fossil fuels and deforesting the earth7. As the population increases, atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases rise rapidly which affect the ability of the outgoing energy to pass through the atmosphere, [which] effectively heats the Earth8. Another pr ...

Communicating the Truth about Smoking Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Communicating the Truth about Smoking - Essay Example To this end, a pile of body bags are used to represent a number of people who die daily in the United States. In addition to that, the A.L.F, have used dolls with writings on them that educate people about the dangers of smoking. Furthermore, they have created printed advertisements educating teens about smoking. The second step pertains to the medium of transmission. In effect, the ALF has used several medium of transmission to convey their message. This evident in the visual medium that depicts the advertisement of body bags representing a number of deaths. It was a part of innovative television campaign. Moreover, the ALF used written channels through printed advertisements for sensitizing the teens on smoking. In addition to that, they used audio channel by sponsoring a radio show by the name truth-fm. The third step involved the decoding process. To this end, the receiver translates the message to make sense. This step of communication occurred when the teens understood the adverts. Moreover, the high school girl, Katie confessed that smoking appeared to be reserved for adults and was forbidden among teens. The last step of the communication process was related to feedback. Evidently, it is the response from the receiver to the sender. Consequently, it occurred in the process of teaching teens about smoking. Evidently, the A.L.F Chief Executive Officer testified that after one year of the campaign, 75 percent of the teens were in a capacity to accurately describe at least one of the adverts. Moreover, 90 percent of the teens said the adverts were convincing. Therefore, through this feedback it was evident that the teens responded well to the campaign against smoking. against smoking. 2. Show how ALF is using oral, written, electronic, and nonverbal communication The ALF has used several media to convey their message. This was through oral, written, non-verbal communication and electronics. Foremost, they have used television and radio as a form of electronics media. This was whereby they sponsored a hip-hop radio show known as truth- fm. Moreover, electronic media were evident in the production of television commercials that showed dozens of crawling baby dolls with a message on their shirts. In addition to that, ALF reached teens through the internet website that attracts over 8000 people daily. As non-verbal media, the ALF used body bags to show the number of daily deaths that occurred in the United States. Moreover, written media were evident when ALF printed adverts for publications meant for teens. In addition to that, they used oral communication by conducting grassroots activities whereby the youths orally convinced peer youths about the d angers of smoking. Furthermore, they organized concerts which were attended by millions of people. 3. In your opinion, why is ALF successful when other organizations sending the same basic message are not? Is there anything ALF could do to increase its effectiveness? The ALF has been successful because of how they innovatively packaged their message in a manner that the teens could associate with it. Moreover, the teens felt like the truth campaign was in sync with their emotional feelings. Evidently, they saw it as a reason to rebel against authority as a way to assert their independence. However, it is

Compare Freires Education Thoughts to Enders Game Essay

Compare Freires Education Thoughts to Enders Game - Essay Example Freire describes these two versions by saying that â€Å"whereas banking education anesthetized and inhabits creative power, problem posing education involves a constant unveiling of reality. The former attempts to maintain the subversion of consciousness; the later strives for the emergence of consciousness and critical intervention in reality (Freire 71). While Ender’s education is certainly outward orientated, with his educators trying to pull things from within him rather than deposit things inside of him (resembling problem posing education), there remains a significant imbalance in power and goal between educator and learner (resembling the banking concept of education). Throughout Ender’s Game Ender is educated by a character named Graff, who is in control of the Battle School that Ender attends. It is clear from the opening of the work that Graff is not a traditional â€Å"bank clerk† educator, because he recognizes the astounding ability of Ender and th e supreme importance of allowing him to express it, but he does try to maintain a power balance similar to that of a bank clerk educator. Freire describes some of the many features of a bank clerk teacher in his work – things like â€Å"the teacher knows everything and the student knows nothing† or, â€Å"the teacher thinks and the students are thought about† (Freire 73). These clearly do not describe Graff – he recognizes Ender has having abilities he does not (Card 29) and encourages Ender to think independently, for instance giving him a test of boys teasing him and not intervening (Card 26). So in these ways Graff does not fit the model of a bank clerk educator. On the other hand, he does try to control he power in the relationship, by doing things like â€Å"lying† to Ender (29) and actively manipulating Ender to get the results he, Graff, desires throughout the entire work. This control and power is a hallmark of bank clerk education. So Graf f is something of a hybrid educator – he recognizes the pedagogical weaknesses of the bank clerk educational process, so avoids it to allow Ender to reach is full potential, but he tries to keep deep control on him to determine what that potential leads to. Ender is clearly a creative person, and this creativity seems to come from within rather than from the games. One of the first hints as to the fact that Ender has inherent qualities, such as creativity, that are desirable, is how intensely Graff attempts to recruit him. He mentions frequently that they â€Å"need† him, and refers to potential obstacles to his recruitment as â€Å"ruining everything† (37). But there are other cases when Ender’s creativity becomes apparent. But Ender again and again proves that Graff is right in ascribing these qualities to him – he frequently demonstrates behavior that he had never seen, which is the clear definition of creativity. In one battle, he â€Å"freeze s his own legs† to provide a shield against the opponent, using his own disabled body to his advantage (87). He then lists the things he had learned, in his time with his first army, which were entirely his own ideas (88). Ender is clearly quite creative, and though the games help him develop this, they do not instill it in him. Much like the commander that controls battle school, Graff, the school itself is something of

Product plcmnt s nw trnd n th UK Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 14500 words

Product plcmnt s nw trnd n th UK - Essay Example Two of thÐ µ Ð µxponÐ µntÃ'â€"Ð °l growth of dÃ'â€"gÃ'â€"tÐ °l-onlÃ'â€"nÐ µ modÐ µs, such Ð °s wÐ µbsÃ'â€"tÐ µ, Ð µ-mÐ °Ã'â€"l, cÐ µll phonÐ µ modÐ µs Ð °nd product plÐ °cÐ µmÐ µnt. Product plÐ °cÐ µmÐ µnt Ã'â€"s, Ã'â€"n Ð ° mÐ °nnÐ µr dÐ µpÐ µndÐ µnt on "InsÃ'â€"dÐ µr" rÐ µsÐ µÃ °rch. AspÐ µct hÐ °s not bÐ µÃ µn formÐ °lly Ã'â€"dÐ µntÃ'â€"fÃ'â€"Ð µd Ã'â€"n thÐ µsÐ µ studÃ'â€"Ð µs, thÐ µ rÐ µspondÐ µnts undÐ µrstÐ °nd thÐ µ concÐ µpt of product plÐ °cÐ µmÐ µnt. ThÃ'â€"s suggÐ µsts thÐ °t rÐ µspondÐ µnts Ã'â€"n Al KÐ °rrh ET. study wÃ'â€"ll bÐ µ rÐ µquÐ µstÐ µd to Ð °ddrÐ µss product plÐ °cÐ µmÐ µnt Ð °s "pÐ °Ã'â€"d to thÐ µ lÐ °bÐ µlÐ µd products, or Ð µmblÐ µm of Ã'â€"dÐ µntÃ'â€"ty, usÃ'â€"ng Ð °udÃ'â€"o Ð °nd / or vÃ'â€"suÐ °l Ð µntÐ °Ã'â€"ls progrÐ °mmÃ'â€"ng wÃ'â€"thÃ'â€"n thÐ µ mÐ °ss of thÐ µ nÐ µwspÐ °pÐ µrs" (KÐ °rrh, 1998, p. 33). RussÐ µll Ð °nd BÐ µlch (2005) ThÐ µ usÐ µ of hybrÃ'â €"d pÐ µrÃ'â€"ods of promotÃ'â€"on Ð °nd sponsorshÃ'â€"p wÃ'â€"thÃ'â€"n thÐ µ contÐ µxt of product plÐ °cÐ µmÐ µnt Ð °nd sponsor-ownÐ µd clÐ °ssÃ'â€"fÃ'â€"Ð µd dÃ'â€"splÐ °ys (such Ð °s Ð µÃ °rly wÃ'â€"rÐ µlÐ µss "soÐ °p opÐ µrÐ °") Ð °s Ð °n Ð µxÐ °mplÐ µ of Product PlÐ °cÐ µmÐ µnt. VolumÐ µ numÐ µrous dÃ'â€"stÃ'â€"nctÃ'â€"ons, whÃ'â€"ch lÃ'â€"vÐ µ for product plÐ °cÐ µmÐ µnt (FÃ'â€"g. 1) suggÐ µsts thÐ °t product plÐ °cÐ µmÐ µnt Ã'â€"ncludÐ µs Ð ° progrÐ °m dÐ µsÃ'â€"gnÐ µd to support thÐ µ logo Ð °nd thÐ µ plÐ °cÐ µmÐ µnt Ã'â€"s dÐ µsÃ'â€"gnÐ µd to support thÐ µ Ð µvÐ µnt contÐ µnt, Ð °nd possÃ'â€"bly Ð ° pÃ'â€"cturÐ µ of sponsorshÃ'â€"p. If thÃ'â€"nkÃ'â€"ng Ð °bout product plÐ °cÐ µmÐ µnt Ð °s "brÐ °ndÐ µd Ð µntÐ µrtÐ °Ã'â€"nmÐ µnt", Ð °s proposÐ µd by Hudson Ð °nd Hudson (2006), covÐ µrs Ð °ll thÐ µ followÃ'â€"ng sÃ'â€"tuÐ °tÃ'â€"on mÐ °y dÐ µsÃ'â€"gnÐ °tÐ µ Ð °s thÐ µ product plÐ °cÐ µmÐ µnt: †¢ thÐ µ Ð µvÐ µnt Ã'â€"s ownÐ µd Ð °nd / or strongly Ð °pprovÐ µd thÐ µ logo, whÐ µrÐ µ only onÐ µ Ð µmblÐ µm Ã'â€"s Ð ° pÐ °rtnÐ µr of thÐ µ Ð µvÐ µnt (dÐ µmonstrÐ °tÃ'â€"on, Ð µÃ °rly wÃ'â€"rÐ µlÐ µss dÃ'â€"splÐ °ys such Ð °s Lux ThÐ µÃ °trÐ µ Ð °nd Lucky StrÃ'â€"kÐ µ ProgrÐ °m wÃ'â€"th JÐ °ck... ThÐ µ Ð µvÐ µnt hÐ °s Ð µvolvÐ µd to support thÐ µ logo, Ð °lthough Ð ° fÐ µw pÐ µrÃ'â€"ods of plÐ µnty, tÃ'â€"mÐ µs of "AdvÐ µrtÃ'â€"sÃ'â€"ng" Ð °nd "Ð °dvÐ µrgÐ °mÃ'â€"ng" Ð °rÐ µ most rÐ µlÐ µvÐ °nt to thÐ °t concÐ µpt Ð °nd thÐ µ bÐ µst known. AdvÐ µrgÐ °mÃ'â€"ng sÐ µÃ µs thÐ µ logo Ã'â€"ntroducÐ µd Ã'â€"n sports computÐ µr Ð °nd dÐ µmonstrÐ °tÃ'â€"ons Ã'â€"ncludÐ µ NÐ µstlÐ µ NÐ µsquÃ'â€"ck Ð °nd KÐ µllogg's CocoPops sÃ'â€"tÐ µs, BÐ °skÐ µtbÐ °ll Ð °dvÐ µrgÐ °mÐ µ for SprÃ'â€"tÐ µ Ã'â€"s Ð °ssocÃ'â€"Ð °tÐ µd wÃ'â€"th thÐ µ lÐ °st FIBA World ChÐ °mpÃ'â€"onshÃ'â€"p Ã'â€"n bÐ °skÐ µtbÐ °ll, whÃ'â€"lÐ µ BÐ °rclÐ °ys communÐ °l Ð °dvÐ µrgÐ °mÐ µ TrÐ °nsÐ °Ã'â€"d ChÐ °llÐ µngÐ µ, to support thÐ µ bÐ µnÐ µvolÐ µnt humÐ °nÃ'â€"ty Ð °ssÐ µmbly TrÐ °nsÐ °Ã'â€"d, whÃ'â€"ch works (pÐ °rtÃ'â€"culÐ °rly Ã'â€"n AfrÃ'â€"cÐ °) to Ð °dvÐ °ncÐ µ through thÐ µ trÐ °nsport Ã'â€"s orgÐ °nÃ'â€"zÐ µd Ð °nd gà 'â€"vÐ µ pÐ µoplÐ µ bÐ µttÐ µr Ð °ccÐ µss to bÐ °sÃ'â€"c sÐ µrvÃ'â€"cÐ µs such Ð °s hÐ µÃ °lth Ð °nd lÃ'â€"vÐ µlÃ'â€"hoods. AdvÐ µrtÃ'â€"sÃ'â€"ng rÐ µfÐ µrs to thÐ µ contÐ µnt or thÐ µ Ð µmblÐ µm of clÃ'â€"ps supplÃ'â€"Ð µd Ð °s mÃ'â€"nÃ'â€"-movÃ'â€"Ð µs, whÐ µn thÐ µ clÐ °ss of thÐ µ nÐ °mÐ µ of thÐ µ Ð °dvÐ µrtÃ'â€"sÐ µr. ExÐ °mplÐ µs Ã'â€"ncludÐ µ thÐ µ BMW lÐ µÃ °sÐ µ, stÐ °rrÃ'â€"ng ClÃ'â€"vÐ µ OwÐ µn, Ð ° BrÃ'â€"tÃ'â€"sh plÐ °yÐ µr, Ð °nd thÐ µ dÐ µvÐ µlopmÐ µnt of Skyy vodkÐ ° from www.skyy.com whÃ'â€"ch housÐ µs somÐ µ of thÐ µ mÃ'â€"nÃ'â€"-movÃ'â€"Ð µs.†¢ Ð °ctÃ'â€"vÃ'â€"tÃ'â€"Ð µs Ã'â€"n whÃ'â€"ch thÐ µ Ð µmblÐ µm usÐ µd Ð °s props to Ð µnhÐ °ncÐ µ / support thÐ µ Ð µvÐ µnt contÐ µnt (Ð °t thÐ µ dÃ'â€"scrÐ µtÃ'â€"on of thÐ µ crÐ µÃ °tor of thÐ µ Ð µvÐ µnts). BrÐ °nds usÐ µ thÃ'â€"s pÐ °th cÐ °n bÐ µ chosÐ µn Ã'â€"n rÐ µlÐ °tÃ'â€"on to thÐ µ Ð µvÐ µnts crÐ µÃ °tor for pÐ °y or wÃ'â€"thout pÐ °y, whÃ'â€"lÐ µ thÐ µ prÐ µvÃ'â€"ous Ã'â€"s morÐ µ common.RussÐ µll Ð °nd BÐ µlch (2005) ThÐ µ usÐ µ of hybrÃ'â€"d Ð °rrÐ °ngÐ µmÐ µnts bÐ µtwÐ µÃ µn promotÃ'â€"on to thÐ µ fÃ'â€"rst stÐ °tus, Ð °nd Hudson Ð °nd Hudson (2006) mÐ °rkÐ µd Ð ° pÐ µrÃ'â€"od of Ð µntÐ µrtÐ °Ã'â€"nmÐ µnt Ð °rrÐ °ngÐ µmÐ µnts wÃ'â€"th Ð °ll thrÐ µÃ µ. TrÐ °dÃ'â€"tÃ'â€"onÐ °l pÐ µrformÐ °ncÐ µ Ð µvÐ °luÐ °tÃ'â€"on for Ð °ny kÃ'â€"nd of Ã'â€"nvÐ µstmÐ µnt Ã'â€"t wÐ °s rÐ µcollÐ µctÃ'â€"on Ð µstÃ'â€"mÐ °tÐ µs.

Strategies for Brand Revival

Strategies for Brand Revival INTRODUCTION The world, it seems, is disappearing beneath a deluge of logos. In the past decade, corporations looking to navigate an ever more competitive marketplace have embraced the gospel of branding with newfound fervour. The brand value of companies like Coca-Cola and IBM is routinely calculated at tens of billions of dollars, and brands have come to be seen as the ultimate long-term asset economic engines capable of withstanding turbulence and generating profits for decades. So companies spend billions on brand campaigns and try to indelibly mark everything in sight, from the ING New York City Marathon to the Diamond Nuts cup holders at SBC Park. Marketers may consider the explosion of new brands to be evidence of brandings importance, but in fact the opposite is true. It would be a waste of money to launch a clever logo into a world of durable brands and loyal customers. But because consumers are more promiscuous and fickle than ever, established brands are vulnerable, and new ones have a real chance of succeeding for at least a little while. The obsession with brands, paradoxically, demonstrates their weakness. Therefore, sometimes in business, a good brand dies. Everyone knows and respects the brand, but theres a gap between peoples knowledge and their desire to actually buy the product. When the company cant close that gap, the brand slowly but surely finds its way to the dustbin of history (Mannie Jackson, 2001). Therefore, the biggest question that a company can face is the decision whether to revive the brand or let it die. And if revive, how? But before we go further on to answer this question, its critical to understand why brands fail or die? Is it lack of consumer interest? Or introduction of new brands? Or is it something as simple as ignorance to the changing market dynamics? Lets look at an article from Business line which gives us a view point on the same: Why must brands die at all? And why do they die?1 The answer is a simple one! Brands never die. There is just no organic death in the life cycle of brands. In fact, there is just no life cycle at all! Lets bury this brand-ism once and for all! Brands are meant to live on forever. Brands dont die. Instead, they are murdered by Brand Managers. The over-zealous and the lazy ones alike! Most of the time done to death by stubborn brand-folks who just dont see the future unraveling! One common thread that is seen in brands that actually die on the cushy laps of their emotional brand owners is their inability to embrace change. The lack of flexibility to adapt and adjust to a changing market scenario that is as unpredictable as ever! Brands traverse the trajectory of slow death as soon as rigidity in their management styles step in. And there are many styles equally guilty of forcing their brands onto the track of death near or distant! Brand Management is as dynamic a subject as any. It i s as dynamic in its changes, as is society itself. Brands need to change and adapt to their customers and consumers. They need to be in sync with the psyche of their target segment. Rigid brand managers are the biggest liability to the brand. The solution: Keep changing them every 18 months for a start! The second brand sin is perpetuated by the jumpy brand manager who wants to prove a point. The guy knows for sure he is a short-tenure resource on the brand. He is young and raring to go. He has read enough of the brands mystique. He now wants to leave his indelible mark on the brand he is slated to handle. The intelligent brand manager of the future is the guy who sits between these two points of action and inaction. He is one who knows his strengths and his gaps alike. He is therefore the sutradhaar who knits the purpose of the brand and its longevity together by bringing to the brand party every resource that he deems necessary. Bring in that sociologist who will give you a quick perspective of how society is morphing, bring in that practicing psychologist who will psycho-analyze your consumer of today and hopefully tomorrow! Bring in the holistic market  researcher who will look beyond the tools that are quantitative, qualitative and eventually a cusp of the two! Bring in the dentist and the tailor if necessary! Brands die due to neglect. Due to a lack of accepting change. Due to stubborn, age-old thoughts, Managing brands is an art, a science and a philosophy as well! Practice each of these with perfection and humility! As we can see the article clearly talks about how brands di e due to peoples choice between in-action and action. But what happens when a company intentionally kills its flagship brand? Lets have a look at an article that talks about how Ford beheaded its once flagship brand The Ford Taurus. There are some important pointers to be learnt from this article. How to Kill your Brand 2 The Ford Taurus was a brand success of the 1990s. Its jellybean shape helped pioneer aerodynamic and dramatic styling when it was introduced in 1985, a time when most Japanese and American vehicles were little more than square boxes with round wheels. It had a powerful but fuel-efficient V6 engine. The moderately priced car made middle-class buyers feel like they were standing out without sticking out. The Taurus revived a Ford that was on the financial ropes. Ford sold 263,000 units the first year. In 1986, Motor Trend magazine named the Taurus Car of the Year. A year later it was Fords best-selling car. By 1992, it had surpassed the Honda Accord as the best-sell ing passenger car in the US. It kept that title for five straight years, outselling both the Accord and the Toyota Camry. Eventually, Ford sold about 7 million Tauruses and 2 million Mercury Sables (essentially the same car). But at the end of 2006, the last Ford Taurus rolled off the line at an assembly plant in an Atlanta suburb. Says Peter DeLorenzo, publisher of auto-extremist.com, an automotive website: Ford is the only auto manufacturer in history to take a number-one-selling car and systematically destroy the franchise through a fatal combination of ineptness, incompetence and flat-out neglect. 8 The death of the Taurus is a contributing reason why Ford reported a $5.8 billion loss last October, the worst in 14 years, announced the closing of 14 plants (including the plant that produced the Taurus), and now wants to borrow $18 billion to help revive the company. How did this king of automotive brands get beheaded? Ford provides a textbook case in how to destroy a brand. Key lessons include: Ignore your target customer segment: The Taurus was most popular among 50+ consumers, the group with the most disposable income. But Ford was entranced by the 18-35 group, and redesigned the car twice to appeal to this segment. The redesigns turned off the Taurus customer base while failing to turn on younger buyers. Listen to the customers who actually buy your product, not the ones you want to buy your product. Stop promotion: Unbelievably, Ford stopped advertising one of its best-selling cars for two years. Thats one reason Taurus sales dropped from a high of 410,000 in 1992 to 145,000 in 2006. Remember that advertising and promotion is not just for new products. It is also for established products. Undercut the value: When sales started declining, Ford took the quick and easy route of expanding sales to rental companies as well as taxi and corporate fleets. It also substantially boosted dealer and other discounts. While these have the temporary effect of juicing sales, they also harm profits for companies and resale value for customers. Never do anything that hurts your brand among existing customers. Focus on new, and not loyal, customers: Remember the Contour, Windstar, Escort, Galaxy and many other Ford brands? Automotive companies are infamous for spending millions to develop and promote brands, then inexplicably orphaning them years later to devote resources to newer models. Abandon a product only when it is truly at the end of its life-cycle, not because something sexier comes out of product development. Cannibalize your product unnecessarily: Fixed costs are high in the automotive industry, which means that profitability depends on volume. Ford cannibalized sales of Taurus by introducing the slightly bigger Five Hundred, and the slightly smaller Fusion. The Fusion, which came out in late 2004, has been a hit, but sales of the Five Hundred have not met expectations. Would Ford have been better off devoting the resources  dedicated to Fusion and Five Hundred to the revitalization of Taurus? Who knows? However, while it is important to be receptive to new segments, gains must be measured against the losses to established products. The articles also states examples of other iconic brands like Wonder Bread and Twinkies that have been immortalized by Andy Warhol. Yet the manufacturer of those brands, the $3.5 billion Interstate Bakeries, filed for bankruptcy last September. Mistakes made by Interstate include focusing on low-profit, mass-produced products like Wonder Bread at a time when customers were turning to tastier alternatives like fresh-baked supermarket offerings. They rested on their Twinkies laurels at a time when mothers everywhere were worried about childhood obesity. There are other brands that are on their road to failure. Two strong candidates are Gap and Time magazine. Quick excerpt on GAP (details in next article) At one time, Gap set the fashion benchmark for both boomers and yuppies. Who hasnt owned a pair of Gap khakis? In UK, Gaps share of the clothing market has dropped by 25% over the past three years. Its recent advertising featuring Audry Hepburn has done little but make worst ad- lists . What happened? Gap committed the ultimate branding sins a lack of focus and knowledge of what its customers valued. Robert Buchanan, a retail analyst at the stockbroker AG Edwards, says: In their heyday, they were really good at taking care of the baby boomer . They stopped targeting them and started aiming for the children of the boomers but not having done much research, they blew it. Then they took a democratic approach and tried to be all things to all men. If theres one thing that doesnt work in retailing, its a lack of focus. The articles opinion on Time Magazine If there is a better example of trying to be all things to all people; its Times recent choice for Person of the Year.- For more than 70 years, Time has selected a person who has had the most impact for good or bad on world events. Agree or disagree, Times choice always made you think. But this year, they put a cheesy reflective Mylar strip on the cover and said, The Person of the Year is You!- If you believe that a brand must drive its stake into the ground and say proudly, this is what we stand for, and these are the customers we want- then Times we-love-everybody- pandering is a reason to cringe. This 10 follows other missteps, like putting radical Ann Coulter, who advocates terrorism against American institutions and believes that all Muslims ought to be forcibly converted to Christianity, on the cover, and recently adding Bill Kristol, who forcefully advocated the invasion of Iraq to bring peace and democracy to the Middle East, as one of its star columnists. (Full disclosure: I used to work for Time-Life.) Talk about alienating middle class customers, the bread-and-butter of a mass-circulation magazine. A lot has been written about how to build a brand. But valuable lessons can also be learned from dead and dying brands. Undoubtedly, the most important lesson is not to let a disconnect grow between you and customer. When was the last time you talked to customers about what they valued, and how well you were doing to deliver that value? Now let us look at an article that goes into the details of the story of the GAP decline: American retailing: Fashion victim 3 Gap, a fashion retai ler that was once one of corporate Americas shining success stories used to get everything right. Its affordable, trendy clothes epitomized casual cool. But not anymore. The companys production cycles are too slow to keep pace with rivals, prices have risen and the brand has lost its shine. In 29 of the past 31 months Gap reported flat or declining same-store sales. Senior executives are quitting in droves. Profit margins, at 6.5%, are about half the industrys average. In December, traditionally the busiest month for shopping, same-store sales were 8% lower than in December 2005. Gap is now said to have hired Goldman Sachs, an investment bank, to evaluate its options. This is not the first crisis at Gap. Analysts think a change at the top is the most likely outcome of the review. Another possibility would be for Gaps ageing founders, who still own 37% of the group, to sell out. Dana Cohen, an analyst at Bank of America, thinks private-equity firms would be the most likely buyers, as few companies in the trade could swallow Gap. Alternatively, one of the groups three major brands could be sold. The trouble is that both Gap and Old Navy would sell at a 11 discount because of their troubles, and the Fishers (the founders) are unlikely to want to divest Banana Republic, their only healthy brand. Brands can also die due to lack of company focus or initiative. As the article states they can die of natural causes it is inevitable due to various actions taken by the company or the people. Autopsy on Olds: Death by neglect, stagnation4 Oldsmobile once was among the strongest car brands, anchored by such vehicles as the Cutlass, infused with the heritage of Rocket engines and benefiting from a competent dealer network. Yet the 107-year-old brand was officially buried this spring. Was the death inevitable? Might better communications around the brand have helped effect a cure? Many myths come into play when once-great brands such as Oldsmobile expire. Among the most durable: Strong brands die of natural causes In fact, brands die of neglect and abuse. It takes effort and many bad decisions to kill a strong brand. Oldsmobile died because General Motors designed vehicles in the 1980s and early 1990s that didnt live up to the brands legacy: They were unattractive, uncomfortable and of low quality, and they handled poorly. At the same time, the dealer network atrophied and consolidated with other brands, losing its focus on Oldsmobile. Customers who were dissatisfied with Olds vehicles, sales and service lost their emotional connection to the brand. By the time GM finally came out with a somewhat decent vehicle for Oldsmobile the Alero in the late 1990s it was too late. Changing consumer tastes kill brands. What really kills a brand is its failure to respond to changing tastes. Let us look at an example of how a brands responded to changing tastes from the same article and today is the symbol of how brands can evolve and become part of peoples lives and personality Harley Davidson and Cadillac (a glimpse): LITERATURE Sometimes in business, a good brand dies Everyone knows and respects the brand, but theres a gap between peoples knowledge and their desire to actually buy the product. When the company cant close that gap, the brand slowly but surely finds its way to the dustbin of history (Mannie Jackson, 2001). The question is: To leave it there or bring it back to life? An even bigger question is, how to re-create the magic? PROBLEM DEFINITION The purpose of this study is to analyze different strategies adopted by target companies during the process of brand revival. The study will involve analyzing case studies of a sample of companies who have been engaged in brand revival. This study will also serve to address strategies that can be adopted by companies who are in the need to revitalize their brands and the reasons for their death. For example companies have used several strategies to successfully revive their brands. These actions are prominent as is evident in the case of Harlem Globetrotters who survived by reinventing their product. (Mannie Jackson, 2001). RESEARCH METHODOLOGY To get a deeper understanding of the chosen topic, various case-studies will be analyzed so as to investigate the various strategies used by firms and use the findings to establish a set of tactics and success factors. These case-studies will primarily be sourced from secondary data like the 4 various books on brands, newspapers, historical data of companies, journals, business magazines, internet etc. JUSTIFICATION FOR RESEARCH PROPOSAL In todays dynamic environment, companies often have to face circumstances where their brands are in danger of falling out of customers buying radars. In todays highly competitive environment, it is not only products that need to be upgraded but brands also need a new lease of life. No longer is it taken for granted that upgraded products will keep a brand running, but brands itself need to be revived to be in tune to customers desires. This research explores the strategies followed for a successful brand revival. SCOPE Since this study deals with an analysis of case-studies, its scope is wide and the analysis paradigm is not limited to one country or industry. This is an empirical study that has a wide scope and applicability across industries and geographies.

A Comparison of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X Essay

Martin Luther King and Malcolm X: Different Men With the Same Goal      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Martin Luther King jr. and Malcolm X are still highly controversial African-American leaders.   Martin, a Christian integrationist, and Malcolm, a Muslim nationalist have been a powerful force against racial injustice.   Each man sacrificed his life for the freedom of his people; however, Martin and Malcolm had taken very different approaches in achieving equality and identity for African-Americans in the land of their birth.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In order to better understand why King and X took the course of action each took, one must take into account a little bit of their background.   Martin Luther King jr., was born in Atlanta, Georgia into a middle-class family.   The church was his source of leadership development and it helped provide him with moral values.   Home and church were the most important influences in the early life of King.   In both contexts, he was introduced to the integrationist values of protest, accommodations, self-help and optimism as they were related to the religious themes of justice, love and hope.   He was introduced to the value of education as a potent way of helping him assert his self-worth to become a church and community leader and to fight racism in the larger society.   â€Å"King’s basis for his campaign of nonviolence originated in the highest type of love - love for people who hate you. King preached that the combination of agape (spi ritual love) with nonviolent action would elicit change†(Walton 78). It is quite easy for me to think of a God of love mainly because I grew up in a family where love was central and where lovely relationships were ever present.   It is quite easy for me to think of the universe as basically friend... ... cowardice. For many blacks nonviolence was the only option because violence would have cost them their jobs, their homes, and even their lives.   It was a creative way that an African-American could fight for freedom and at the same time avoid genocide, the logical consequence of racism.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚         Works Cited    Goldman, Peter.   The Death and Life of Malcolm X.   2nd ed.   Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1979.    Hamilton, Charles V.   The Black Experience in American Politics. New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1973.    Samuels, Gertrude.   â€Å"Two ways: Black Muslim and N.A.A.C.P†.New York Times Magazine, 12 May 1963, pg 87.    Walton, Hanes Jr,.   The Political Philosophy of Martin Luther King, Jr.   New York: Greenwood Press, 1971.    X, Malcolm and Alex Haley.   The Autobiography or Malcolm X. New York: Ballantine Books, 1973